Background Injuries are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Bystanders at the scene can perform first aid measures before the arrival of health services. The quality of first aid measures likely affects patient outcome. However, scientifc evidence on its efect on patient outcome is limited. To properly assess bystander first aid quality, measure effect, and facilitate improvement, ...

The work of this thesis was initiated because Finnmark County had a mortality rate from external causes well above national average for several decades. The aims of the thesis were to 1) investigate possible reasons for Finnmark’s’ elevated death rate from external causes, 2) identify challenges that a trauma system in Scandinavia must be tailored to meet, and 3) find access points to limit ...

Background:<br>Emergency medical communication centres (EMCCs) dispatch and allocate ambulance resources, and provide first-aid guidance to on-scene bystanders. We aimed to 1) evaluate whether dispatcher guidance improved bystander first aid in trauma, and 2) to evaluate whether dispatchers and on-scene emergency medical services (EMS) crews identified the same first aid measures as indicated.<br> ...

Background: Finland has the fourth highest injury mortality rate in the European Union. To better understand the causes of the high injury rate, and prevent these fatal injuries, studies are needed. Therefore, we set out to complete an analysis of the epidemiology of fatal trauma, and any contributory role for alcohol, long suspected to promote fatal injuries. As a study area, we chose the ...

Background: Death after injury with low energy has gained increasing focus lately, and seems to constitute a significant amount of trauma-related death. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of deaths from low-energy trauma in a rural Norwegian cohort. Methods: All deaths from external causes in Finnmark County, Norway, from 1995 to 2004 were identified retrospectively through ...

<p><i>Background</i>: To increase knowledge and competence about first aid in the population, first‐aid instruction is included in primary and secondary school curricula. This study aimed to establish how much time is spent on first‐aid training, which first‐aid measures are taught, and which factors prevent teachers from providing the quantity and quality of first‐aid training that they wish to ...

Background: Tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces mortality in trauma patients. Intramuscular (IM) administration could be advantageous in low-resource and military settings. Achieving the same serum concentration as intravenous (IV) administration is important to achieve equal mortality reduction. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether dividing an IM dose of TXA between two injection sites and whether ...

Background: <br> Bystander first aid can improve survival following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest or trauma. Thus, providing first aid education to laypersons may lead to better outcomes. In this study, we aimed to establish the prevalence and distribution of first aid training in the populace, how often first aid skills are needed, and selfreported helping behaviour. <br> Methods: <br> We ...